Phnom Chiso – Ancient Mountain Temple

Phnom Chiso is a remarkable historical and cultural site perched on a 130-meter-high mountain in Sia Village, Rovieng Commune, Samrong District. 

Located about 62 km south of Phnom Penh and 27 km north of Takeo town, the site is easily reached via National Road 2 and a short dirt road near Neang Khmao Temple. Blending ancient Khmer ruins, spiritual significance, and sweeping countryside views, Phnom Chiso is both a cultural and scenic treasure of southern Cambodia.

History & Architecture

Phnom Chiso Temple was built in the early 11th century during the reign of King Suryavarman I (1002–1050), who practiced Brahmanism. Constructed from sandstone and laterite, the temple measures 60 by 50 meters and is enclosed by two galleries. The central sanctuary, with its intricately carved lintels and sandstone pillars, reflects the artistic mastery of early Khmer stonework and the grandeur of the period.

Also on the site is Phnom Chiso Pagoda, first built in 1917. Although it was destroyed in the 1970s during times of conflict, it was lovingly rebuilt in 1979. Behind the pagoda, visitors can explore Thammasaphea Hall and an ancient water tank that once played an important role in sacred rituals, adding layers of cultural continuity to the site.

A defining feature of Phnom Chiso is its monumental staircases. The West Staircase, with its 390 steps, served as the traditional path for ascending the mountain. The South Staircase, slightly longer with 408 steps, was used for descending. Another ancient staircase connects Phnom Chiso to nearby temples such as Sen Chhmos and Sen Phouvang, as well as to Tonie Om Lake, a sacred body of water believed by Brahmans to possess the power to wash away sins.

Just 150 meters south of the temple lies Vimean Chan Cave, once a secluded meditation retreat for ascetics seeking enlightenment. During the Vietnam War era, the cave was partially blocked by bombings, yet it still carries spiritual significance today and remains a quiet stop for reflective visitors.

Cultural & Natural Significance

Phnom Chiso is more than an archaeological site, it is a living place of worship. During major religious festivals, the mountain becomes a lively hub of activity, filled with pilgrims, monks, and local families. Worshippers gather to pay their respects, meditate, and take part in celebrations that blend faith with community tradition.

The natural setting enhances the sacred atmosphere. From the summit, visitors are rewarded with a breathtaking panoramic view of Takeo Province. The rice fields stretch endlessly across the landscape, dotted with palm trees, villages, and winding country paths. This combination of spirituality and scenery makes Phnom Chiso a rare destination where history, culture, and nature meet in harmony.